{"id":519,"date":"2022-05-23T16:47:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T16:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/?p=519"},"modified":"2024-01-24T14:57:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T14:57:25","slug":"print-paths-key-framing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/2022\/05\/23\/print-paths-key-framing\/","title":{"rendered":"Boundary-controlled 3D printing of shells, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Design of non-planar print paths for robotic 3D printing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-1024x434.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-1024x434.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-768x326.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-973x413.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture-508x215.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Capture.jpg 1417w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How can we approximate a shape using non-planar paths that follow user-perscribed directions? <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the advent of robotic printing, it is possible to print material along 3D paths with variable orientation and thickness. Consequently, paths can be customized to enhance aesthetic or practical attributes such as surface quality or mechanical performance. However, there is a lack of methodologies for designing robot-fabricable, non-planar print paths. This research aims to address this gap with a focus on creating intuitive path design tools within the reach of designers and on considering fabrication constraints inherent to non-planar robotic 3D printing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inspired by the ubiquitous key-framing technique in animation, where an input of limited degrees of freedom is used to describe a complex behavior,  non-planar paths subject to the designer&#8217;s input are generated by interpolating a series of target curves on the surface of a mesh. This interpolation generates intermediary print paths with a direction that interpolates that of the targets. The resulting print paths have variable layer height, and their realization relies on variable end-effector orientation.<a href=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Non-planar 3D printing of a curved surface\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/713008959?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The printing process of a curved surface using a UR5 robot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-973x647.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-508x338.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2_connection_FINAL_LOW_RES-1.jpg 1772w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prototype of branching structure printed with non-planar paths<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-1024x491.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-1024x491.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-768x368.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-1536x736.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-2048x981.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-973x466.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/prototype_with_branches_process_LOW_RES-508x243.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Desing-to-fabrication process for a branching structure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-796x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-796x1024.jpg 796w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-768x988.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-1194x1536.jpg 1194w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-1592x2048.jpg 1592w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-973x1251.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-508x653.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3dp.2021.0023_inline1-scaled.jpg 1990w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Print process of branching prototype<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-1024x815.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-768x611.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-973x774.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a-508x404.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_a.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alternative interpolation functions; regular union (left) and smooth union (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-1024x815.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-768x611.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-973x774.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b-508x404.jpg 508w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/alternative_unions_LOW_RES_b.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alternative interpolation functions;  champfer union (left) and stairs union (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-1024x662.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-551\" style=\"width:620px;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-1024x662.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-1536x994.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-2048x1325.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-973x629.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/3_blended_boxes_FINAL_LOW_RES-508x329.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"643\" src=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1024x643.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-550\" style=\"width:620px;height:389px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-1536x964.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-2048x1286.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-973x611.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/4_cylinders_FINAL_LOW_RES-1-508x319.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prototypes fabricated using the interpolation technique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research has been part of my doctoral research titled <a href=\"https:\/\/dbt.arch.ethz.ch\/research-stream\/nonplanar-layered-morphologies\/\" title=\"\">Nonplanar Layered Morphologies<\/a> at ETH Zurich, at the <a href=\"https:\/\/ita.arch.ethz.ch\/\" title=\"\">Institute of\u00a0Technology in Architecture<\/a>, chair of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dbt.arch.ethz.ch\/\">Digital Building Technologies<\/a>, under the supervision of Prof. Benjamin Dillenburger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional advisor: Mathias Bernhard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The outcomes of this research have been summarized in the following publications;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3424630.3425408\">Ioanna Mitropoulou, Mathias Bernhard, and Benjamin Dillenburger. 2020. Print Paths Key-framing: Design for non-planar layered robotic FDM printing. In Symposium on Computational Fabrication (SCF &#8217;20).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Ioanna<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Mitropoulou,  <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Mathias<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Bernhard, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Benjamin<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023\">Dillenburger. 2021. Nonplanar 3D Printing of Bifurcating Forms. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Design of non-planar print paths for robotic 3D printing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,6,46,81,80,78,76],"tags":[83,84,48,86,14,85,51],"class_list":["post-519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3d-printing","category-computational-design","category-digital-fabrication","category-programming","category-python","category-research","category-robotic-fabricaton","tag-3d-printing","tag-computational-design","tag-ethz","tag-non-planar-3d-printing","tag-python","tag-research","tag-robotic-fabrication"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=519"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":863,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions\/863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}