{"id":269,"date":"2019-01-20T11:15:18","date_gmt":"2019-01-20T11:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/?p=269"},"modified":"2026-02-28T16:58:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T16:58:50","slug":"numerical-sculpting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/2019\/01\/20\/numerical-sculpting\/","title":{"rendered":"In-place robotic metal 3D printing, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on standard steel sections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article presents the outcome of my master\u2019s thesis for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masdfab.com\/\">Master of Advanced Studies ETH in Architecture and Digital Fabrication<\/a>, supervised by In\u00e9s Ariza and Mathias Bernhard. This investigation focused on the use of implicit modeling tools for the design of fabrication-informed three-dimensional print paths for <em>in-place spatial additive manufacturing<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Implicit modeling allows designing with great geometric flexibility using mathematical functions and numeric data. We investigated how to incorporate fabrication constraints using implicit modeling, focusing on the unique constraints inherent to in-place spatial additive manufacturing. To this end, we devised a set of computational tools tailored to design deposition paths that allow embedding fabrication constraints. As a case study, we implemented this toolset to create wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) connections of standard elements with arbitrary orientations, that can be used to assemble non-standard architectural space frames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"http:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-1024x629.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-973x598.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/07_offsets-508x312.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The step-by-step generation process of spatial printing paths using offsets of the implicit function and boolean operations (from top left to bottom right).<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-768x1035.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-973x1311.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10_virtual_physical-1-508x684.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comparison of virtual and fabricated prototypes for a variety of connections.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"531\" src=\"http:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-1024x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-1024x531.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-768x398.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-973x504.jpg 973w, https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14_only_dijkstra-508x263.jpg 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rendering of a design option for the connection of two cylindrical standard elements.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Numerical Sculpting, fabrication process\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/312409483?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Overview of the different steps in the fabrication process of WAAM connections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supervisors: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In\u00e9s Ariza, <a href=\"http:\/\/gramaziokohler.arch.ethz.ch\/web\/e\/forschung\/index.html\">Gramazio Kohler Research<\/a>, ETH Zurich<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mathias Bernhard, <a href=\"http:\/\/dbt.arch.ethz.ch\">Digital Building Technologies<\/a>, ETH Zurich<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This work is embedded within the broader context of current research on <em><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.cumincad.org\/cgi-bin\/works\/paper\/acadia18_312\" title=\"\">In-place detailing <\/a>(Ariza et al. 2018) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/332947379_Volumetric_modelling_for_3D_printed_architecture\" title=\"\">Volumetric modeling for 3D printed architecture<\/a><\/em> (Bernhard et al. 2018). The findings of this work are summarised in the publication: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29829-6_11\" title=\"\">Numerical Sculpting: Volumetric modelling tools for in place spatial additive manufacturing<\/a><\/em> (Mitropoulou et al. 2019). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on standard steel sections.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,6,46,74,79,81,80,76],"tags":[66,67,47,48,65,55,56],"class_list":["post-269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3d-printing","category-computational-design","category-digital-fabrication","category-grasshopper","category-mas-project","category-programming","category-python","category-robotic-fabricaton","tag-additive-manufacturing","tag-collision-control","tag-dfab","tag-ethz","tag-fabrication-aware-design","tag-master-thesis","tag-volumetric-modeling"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=269"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":943,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269\/revisions\/943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioannamitropoulouarch.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}